What are the neural mechanisms involved in conversational feedback in interactions between humans and between humans and agents?

By lpl, 24 February, 2026
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Brève scientifique Philippe Blache 2026

We are pleased to announce the publication of the latest article by our colleagues Philippe Blache, Deirdre Bolger, Auriane Boudin, and Roxane Bertrand, in collaboration with Mireille Besson from CRPN Marseille, in the journal Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience.

Reference: Blache, Philippe, Bolger, Deirdre, Besson, Mireille, Boudin, Auriane & Bertrand, Roxane (2026). Neural correlates of conversational feedback. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2026.2617245

Abstract :
This paper examines the neural correlates of conversational feedback in human–human and human–agent interactions using EEG. It shows that incongruent feedback does not elicit an N400 response but instead triggers a P600 component, particularly in human–human interactions, reflecting pragmatic rather than semantic processing. In human–agent interactions, a stronger P200 is observed for congruent feedback, likely due to its high predictability and prototypical form. Overall, the findings highlight the dominant role of pragmatics in feedback processing and point to the importance of accounting for feedback variability in future studies.

Credits: The authors